Retention,enantioselectivity and enantiomeric elution order of propranolol and its ester derivatives on an alpha1-acid glycoprotein-bonded column

Summary The retention, enantionselectivity and enantiomeric elution order of racemic propranolol (PP) and its ester derivatives (O-acetyl,-propionyl,-butyrul and-valeryl PP) on an ₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP)-bonded column have been investigated by changing eluent composition (eluent pH, buffer concentration, type and content of organic modifier). The retention of these cationic solutes, PP and its ester derivatives, was influenced by eluent pH, ionic strength and organic modifier content. The enantioselectivity was dependent on eluent pH and type of organic modifier. Reversal of the enantiomeric elution order of ester derivatives of PP (O-propionyl-butyryl) and-valeryl PP) occurred around eluent pH 6–7. These results suggst that chiral recognition or binding properties may be altered by the change in eluent composition, espeically eluent pH and type of organic modifier.     

First synthesis of enantio-uracil dinucleotide, comparison of physicochemical properties of their enantiomers, and separation by chiral column chromatography

Enantio-uracil dinucleotide 5, which consists of two l-uridylic acids and one pyrophosphate, was synthesized for the first time in our laboratory. Benzolyated l-uridine was prepared by a stereoselective glycosylation of silylated uracil with l-1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoylribose (l-ABR 7). After deprotection, l-uridine 9 was converted to P¹,P⁴-di(l-uridine 5′-) tetraphosphate tetrasodium salt (l-UP₄U 5) by treatment of l-UMP morpholidate 10c with triethylammonium pyrophosphate (TEA-PPi 11b). Spectral data of synthesized l-UP₄U 5 are given in the references. All spectral data were identical with those of UP₄U 3 except the specific rotation, which showed a positive value compared to UP₄U 3 having a negative value. Furthermore, the separation by chiral column chromatography was investigated.     

Simultaneous determination of theophylline,tolbutamide, mephenytoin,debrisoquin, and dapsone in human plasma using high‐speed gradient liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on a silica‐based monolithic column

Theophylline, tolbutamide, mephenytoin, debrisoquin, and dapsone are marker substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, respectively. A silica‐based monolithic column (Chromolith SpeedROD RP‐18e, 50×4.6 mm) was used to separate these five marker substrates of cytochrome P450 within only 84 s. Linear gradient elution was from acetonitrile‐water‐formic acid (10 : 90 : 1, v/v/v) to acetonitrile‐water‐formic acid (90 : 10 : 1, v/v/v) in 1.4 min. The flow rate was 2.5 mL/min. The retention time was 0.52 min for theophylline, 0.67 min for debrisoquin, 0.78 min for dapsone, 0.96 min for mephenytoin, and 1.13 min for tolbutamide. Detection was by tandem mass spectrometry using a PE Sciex API 3000 mass spectrometer with a Turbo‐Ionspray source in positive mode. A simple protein precipitation method was used. This method was validated over the concentration range of 5–2000 ng/mL based on the sample volume of 0.1 mL.     

Flow Injection Chemiluminescence for the Determination of Estriol via a Noncompetitive Enzyme Immunoassay

A novel approach to the detection of estriol using a flow injection system coupled to enhanced chemiluminescent immunoassay was developed based on noncompetitive immunoassay formats. A conjugated estriol-ovalbumin immobilized immunoaffinity column was inserted into the flow system to trap the unbound horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody after an off-line incubation of estriol and HRP-labeled anti-estriol antibody. The trapped enzyme conjugate was detected by the injection of chemiluminescent substrates to produce enhanced chemiluminescence. The linear range for the determination of estriol is 10.0 to 400 ng · mL⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and a detection limit of 5.0 ng · mL⁻¹. The total time for sampling and chemiluminescent detection of one sample is 400 seconds after 30 min of pre-incubation. The results for pregnancy serum samples obtained by this method are in good agreement with those obtained using ELISA.     

An improved method for determination of light hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil

Summary This paper reports a quick, and simple method for quantitative determination of C₂ to C₆ hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil without using a back flush system. A mixture of crude oil and internal standard is injected into a GC equipped with a 6 meter length of fused silica capillary as a guard column. The light hydrocarbons are separated individually up to the last peak of the hexane group with the heavier components trapped in the guard column. The total analysis time for each sample is 15 minutes. The base line is table for up to 15 consecutive analyses. The guard column and the injector port are then reconditioned by simply heating them for one hour at 300 °C.     

亲水作用色谱法测定表阿霉素及其杂质

建立了一种以亲水作用色谱分离测定表阿霉素的新方法。采用硅胶色谱柱及高极性有机溶剂水相缓冲溶液流动相。对流动相的pH、缓冲溶液的浓度及流速进行了优化,确定了以乙腈甲酸钠缓冲溶液(pH2.9)(90∶10,V/V)作为流动相的最佳条件。对优化的分离条件进行系统适应性实验,结果表明表阿霉素与有关杂质之间的分离度和拖尾因子均达到药典要求。该法具有良好的线性(相关系数0.9971～0.9991)和重复性(峰面积RSD<1.0%),方法简便实用,用于实际样品分析,结果满意。     

Determination of selected neurotransmitter metabolites using monolithic column chromatography coupled with chemiluminescence detection

The oxidation of selected clinically important neurotransmitter metabolites with acidic potassium permanganate in the presence of polyphosphates evokes chemiluminescence of sufficient intensity to enable the sensitive determination of these species. Limits of detection for 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), vanilmandelic acid (VMA; α,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were between 5 × 10⁻⁹ and 4 × 10⁻⁸ M, using flow-injection analysis methodology. In addition, we demonstrate the rapid determination of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in human urine - without the need for extraction procedures - using monolithic column chromatography with chemiluminescence detection.     

A study of the behaviour of some new column materials in the chromatographic analysis of Cinchona alkaloids

Summary A major problem in the HPLC analysis of alkaloids is the poor peak shape and consequently low resolution, due to the interactions of the basic alkaloids with the residual acidic silanol groups of most reversed phase materials. The performance of new packing materials specially designed for the separation of basic compounds has been studied using mobile phases without the special additives commonly applied in the analysis of alkaloids. Strongly basic Cinchona alkaloids were used as test compounds. Retention characteristics and selectivities of each material were studied, after mobile phase optimisation for the column. The influence of the major factors (nature and content of the organic modifier, pH value, salt concentration) affecting resolution was studied. The mobile phases were chosen so that they could be used in thermospray LC-MS. The addition of salts to the mobile phase improves separation but in general the modification of the mobile phase gave little change in selectivity. The performance of silicabased C₁₈ material proved superior to the polymer materials tested.     

Improved method for the determination of sulfur components in natural gas

Determination of trace concentrations of sulfur components in natural gas is a true analytical challenge. Only analytical procedures based on gas chromatography can meet the sensitivity and accuracy requirements dictated by environmental regulation institutions and modern chemical industry. In the present contribution the sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation steps have been evaluated and optimized based on the use of a flamebased sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) for target compound detection. The proposed instrument consists of a programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injector employing a liner packed with Chromosorb 104, a 4 μm thick film apolar column and a flame-based SCD. Using a 13 mL sample loop the detection limit achievable with the new method is 3 μg S/m³. The precision of replicate measure. ments is generally in the range of 5–15% relative standard deviation. Lower detection limits can be achieved by preconcentrating larger sample volumes, e.g. 100 mL.